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Participação Democrática

Participação Democrática: A participação democrática requer respostas a uma série de perguntas: Quem é elegível para participar? Idade, sexo, raça, propriedade, um registo criminal, alfabetização e cidadania têm sido usados para separar os eleitores votantes. Em que ações os eleitores podem votar? Que ações são deixadas para outros decidirem (por exemplo, através dos seus representantes, burocratas ou servidores públicos)? O que está além do alcance da influência dos cidadãos? Quais regras e punições existem para administrar e punir a representação (por exemplo, os códigos morais, direito de retirada, o impeachment, a capacidade de processar por má conduta)? Que regras existem para alterar as regras existentes sobre a representação (no caso do Brasil, a Lei Eleitoral)? Qual conhecimento (informações, análises) deve ser passado aos eleitores? O fornecido pelos meios de comunicação públicos ou o de grupos interessados na propagação enganosa ou, até mesmo, caluniosa? Quem atua como fiscal nos casos de violação das regras democráticas? Será que eles possuem a independência e os recursos necessários para aplicar, de forma justa, os controles? Toda democracia cria direitos e responsabilidades, a fim de incentivar a participação e evitar a tirania da maioria que pode definir regras que tornam a votação uma farsa. Às vezes, as minorias não podem mudar as regras sem a desobediência civil e ação direta contra o governo. Como tornar o processo democrático realmente participativo?

Palavras-chave: voto, representação, participação civil, direito ao voto, acesso ao voto, eleição justa, democracia, processo democrático, incentivo a participação, liberdade da intimação ao voto, democracia participativa, democratização, autonomia, déficit democrático, democracia direta, democracia representativa, democracia líquida, demoex

 

Shouts, murmurs, and votes: Acclamation and aggregation in ancient Greece

File Name: Shouts murmurs and votes - Acclamation and aggregation in ancient Greece.pdf
File Size: 5.30 MB
Author: Melissa Schwartzberg
Date: 05. Abril 2010
Description:
The aggregation of votes is today considered a defining, if imperfect, mechanism of democratic decision-making. Aggregation has confronted two major challenges in recent decades: one from social-choice theorists emphasizing the instability or manipulability of vote outcomes, and the second from deliberative democrats, highlighting the normative poverty of voting without reason-giving or the capacity to transform preferences. Yet neither social-choice theorists nor deliberative democrats typically seek to eliminate the recourse to counting votes as a means of resolving disputes: their aim is to correct or to supplement the apparent deficiencies of aggregation. After all, aggregation seems to be the only game in town. The way in which collective bodies render decisions is almost always through the process of counting votes, though voting may be preceded by deliberation and the count conducted in any number of ways.

The structure of political discussion networks: a model for the analysis of online deliberation

File Name: The structure of political discussion networks - a model for the analysis of online deliberation.pdf
File Size: 750.20 kB
Author: Sandra Gonzalez-Bailon, Andreas Kaltenbrunner, Rafael E Banchs
Date: 05. Abril 2010
Description:
This paper shows that online political discussion networks are, on average, wider and deeper than the networks generated by other types of discussions: they engage a larger number of participants and cascade through more levels of nested comments. Using data collected from the Slashdot forum, this paper reconstructs the discussion threads as hierarchical networks and proposes a model for their comparison and classification. In addition to the substantive topic of discussion, which corresponds to the different sections of the forum (such as Developers, Games, or Politics), we classify the threads according to structural features like the maximum number of comments at any level of the network (i.e. the width) and the number of nested layers in the network (i.e. the depth).

Reciprocal Effects of Participation and Political Efficacy: a Panel Analysis

File Name: Reciprocal Effects of Participation and Political Efficacy A Panel Analysis.pdf
File Size: 2.31 MB
Author: Steven E. Finkel
Date: 05. Abril 2010
Description:
While there have been numerous empirical studies of the causal determinants of voting behaviour and other acts of political participation, political scientists have virtually ignored the consequences of such activity for the individual. Recent democratic theory asserts that participation should have significant individual-level effects, a hypothesis that is empirically tested in this paper.
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